HCC represents the fifth most prevalent cancer worldwide, and accounts for the top three cause of death in the Asia-Pacific region. The risk factor associated with HCC include age, sex, alcohol, diet, and infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV)....

The growth potential of livestock breeds of Pakistan remains under-utilized because of underfeeding and bad management. Neglected calves during their pre-weaning or post-weaning periods result in poor growth rate and delayed age at puberty due to being underweight....