The CAPM model which was developed by Sharpe (1964), Lintner (1965), and Black (1972) was largely supported by Black, Jensen and Scholes (1972), Fama and Macbeth (1973) and Blume and Friend (1973). Later this method was questioned on various grounds....

Despite the emergent of a large number of software quality improving techniques, in practice people tend to use the value-neutral approaches in software quality analysis and achievement....

Optimized quality of IT services are those which need pre-analysis of users' requirements, service provider's capabilities as well as service specification and standardization. For any organization, maintaining of quality of IT service has become one of the key challenges which hold a significance importance to users' satisfaction....