Shorttitle: Grains are generally classified as the seeds of cereal plants. They are characterized by their smallness, hardness and low water content. Most of them belong to the family of grasses, known scientifically as the family of gramineas. The ancient Romans called Demeter, the Greek goddess of the, grains and harvests, Ceres....

Fiber crops are field crops grown for their fibers, which are traditionally used to make paper, cloth, or rope. The fibers may be chemically modified, like in viscose or cellophane. In recent years materials scientists have begun exploring further use of these fibers in composite materials....

Vegetable fats and oils are lipid materials derived from plants. Physically, oils are liquid at room temperature, and fats are solid. Chemically, both fats and oils are composed of triglycerides, as contrasted with waxes which lack glycerin in their structure....

A pulse (Latin \\\"puls\\\", from Greek \\\"??????\\\" - poltos, \\\"porridge\\\") is an annual leguminous crop yielding from one to twelve seeds of variable size, shape, and color within a pod. Pulses are used for food and animal feed....

Chickpea is the principal rabi pulse crop and important source of calories which is predominantly grown in the vast rainfed areas of Pakistan. Pakistan ranks second to India in terms of acreage Pulses, dry edible seeds of leguminous plants, constitute an important source of balanced human diet throughout the world....

Shorttitle:Fodder or animal feed is any agricultural foodstuff used specifically to feed domesticated livestock such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. Most animal feed is from plants but some is of animal origin....

“Biotechnology,” or “biotech” for short, refers to the application of biological research techniques to develop products and processes using biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives of organisms. Biotech processes have been used for thousands of years, yet the industry we know today is scarcely more than a quarter century old....

Cytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the cell, especially the chromosomes....

Male sterility is the failure of the male gametes to be produced viable i.e there is no formation of the viable pollen grains which carry the male gametes in plants. The pollen grain is non-functional but the female gametes function normally. It occurs in nature sporadically, perhaps due to mutation....