Structure and physiological systems of the eye allows light perception. Human visual system functions when lens focuses the light onto the retina. Thus, any defect in the structure and function of the lens leads to vision loss....

All praises for Almighty Allah who blessed the author with an ability and strength to complete this valuable task for persons with disabilities. The author is also very thankful to her co-author Prof. Dr. Abdul Hameed for his guidance. The author pays a special thanks to her family for their continuous support at every step....

The book describes the molecular genetics research on families with a variety of inherited eye disorders from Pakistan. Inbreeding and consanguineous marriages are very commonly practiced in Pakistan, leading to the segregation of a wide variety of genetic disorders in large mutigenerational families, including disorders of the eyes....

Synthesis of benzamido carboxylic acid [1-5]:- Condensation of appropriate amino acid (p- amino benzoic acid, o- amino benzoic acid, valine, leucine, phenyl alanin) with benzoyl chloride gave the corresponding benzamido carboxylic....

Flight has been a major part of the world since it was first demonstrated by the Wright brothers in 1902. However, in depth studies into the effects of airflow over wings didn\"\"t occur until World War I ....

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Here we focused on the epidemiology, late diabetic complications, association between diabetes mellitus and HCV infection and plasma protein profiling....

Acridone derivatives containing 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole and 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole rings are synthesized.Diphenylamine-2,4\"-dicarboxylic acid [1] is obtained in a high yield by refluxing a mixture of 4-aminobenzoic acid and 2-chloro benzoic acid in the presence of catalytic amount of copper oxide....

Our economy is continuously harmed by infestation of stored products brought about by stored grain pests which are responsible for worldwide loss of 10 - 40% annually. Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Red flour beetle is a cosmopolitan and serious pest of cereal grains and their products....