Tiny suspended particles in the atmosphere ranging in size from one nano meter to several micrometer are known as atmospheric aerosols. The sources and sinks of atmospheric aerosols are so varied and distributed over the globe that their physical and optical effects show distinct variation with geographic locations....

The routing in ICMN is an intricate task but recent techniques have adopted many routing methodologies with reasonable performance, the mode of secure communication remains a dispute. Enhancing security across such spasmodic environment requires tremendous effort that establishing security criterion should not degrade the performance of routing....

Research into vermicomposting and commercial projects has been developed in many countries. The increased interest in the use of earthworms in waste management seems a real and significant trend, across the world....

In real world wireless sensor network applications, data gathering is an major issue,by means of data gathering increase the network life time.This means minimum energy should be consumed and transmission should occur with minimum delay which are conflicting requirements....