Defense spending of Pakistan remains high in order to sustain a credible deterrence, significant geopolitical position in Afghan wars and combat terrorism. The study analyzes the defense spending in light of perceived and real threats to Pakistan’s security and examines its linkages with economic growth....

Keeping in view the scarcity of human resource management (HRM) literature about Pakistan, this book is useful for researchers, international investors and others interested in knowing management practices in Pakistan. It reviews the literature on integration and devolvement in various parts of the world....

Office comfort and design has been one of the priorities of the workers and the employees around the world. Research has shown that this factor has been considered by the employees before joining or switching the job....

Sulphur dioxide is well recognized phototoxic air pollutant and can also be utilized as a potential source of sulphur for plants growing in sulphur deficient soils. It is unique among the gases for acting as nutrient and as well as a toxic agent....

In insects, cellulose digestion is accomplished by three types of enzymes: endo-cellulases, exo-cellulases, and cellobiases. Many insects synthesize their indigenous exo-cellulases and cellobiases, but few can synthesize endo-cellulases. Several insect cellulases have been purified and characterized....

Xylanase enzymes are group of enzymes that can degrade Xylan present in plants. Xylan lignin and cellulose formed a complex matrix in plants. Lignin imparts colour to cellulose and thus eventually imparts colour to paper and pulp. Xylanase facilitates the removal of lignin from the paper pulp thus improves the brightness of paper....

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill is one of the oldest crops of the world. Nutritionally, soybean seed has been considered to be the best of all pulses because of its high protein contents. Today, it is the largest source of oil for human consumption as well as protein for livestock feed....

It is group of automatic machines, which can move from one place to another, in a given environment. The importance of mobile robots is now growing in industry due to their growing abilities and unfailing control. One of the main inspirations is that multi-robot systems can be used to increase the system effectiveness....

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is among the three crops on which humans depend for their existence. It belongs to family Poaceae which carries true grasses. It has two domesticated species of genus Oryza i.e. Oryza sativa and oryza glaberrima....

BACTERIOCINS Bacteriocins can be considered as proteinaceous antibiotics displaying a high degree of target specificity, although many have a very wide spectrum of activity. These are the most abundant bioactive antimicrobial peptides produced by certain bacteria and are found in all major phylogenetic bacterial lineages....

Theory of Deconstructivism. A methodology towards Analytical Study in Solution finding for any issue is Defined simply by Disintegration, Transformation and Liberation. The conclusion evolved from Philosophical Study Of The Theory is A Space for Artists both for their living,working and recreational activities....