Pain is one of the most common presenting complaint in the Emergency Department. Pain assessment is of prime importance because it helps to determine the appropriate type of analgesia to administer and the urgency of the pain relief needed. Do we need to ask patients specifically about their pain scores, or does our observational scoring suffice?...

The concept of esthetics has fascinated mankind for centuries. ‘Esthetics’, or ‘to be esthetic’, was defined, redefined, philosophized, & conceptualized. The interpretation of what is “esthetic” is as broad an issue as one can envision....

Service Brand Credibility and consumer loyalty are the most significant factors and attitude plays important role as a mediator to enhance consumer loyalty in service sector. Companies now have to consider credibility for developing brand image....

Corporate Social Responsibility has been a prime concern for corporations since last two decades. Different researchers and theorists have developed different findings in this regard. This collection presents new evidences of corporate social responsibility respective to Pakistan and develops understanding for Asian markets....

Today the concept of dental aesthetics is in initiation of tooth substitute so realistic as to almost defy detection. Dental ceramics are known for their natural appearance and their durable chemical, mechanical and optical properties. The word “ceramic” is derived from the Greek word “Keramos” which means “burnt stuff....

Hand Held devices like Personal Digital Assistants allow the users to access calendars, emails, addresses, phone number lists,Personaldigital assistants (PDA) and smartphones can store large amounts of data and connect to a broad spectrum of networks, making them as important and sensitive comput­ing platforms as laptop PCs when it comes to an orga...

Soil compaction is caused by tillage equipment, reduced use of organic matter, frequent use of chemical fertilizer and ploughing at the same depth for many years. In field experiments subsurface soil compaction was artificially created with seven tons roller. Number of rolling was considered the extent of compaction....

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L. Verdc.) as one of the legume crops belongs to the Phaseoloid-Millettioid clade, which diverged some 45–50 million years ago from the Hologalegina clade....

This study examines relationship between ownership structure and moral hazard with risk taking of Malaysian banks and also investigates the moderating effects of capital regulation on these relationships. Bank risk taking in this study is measured by standard deviation of return on equity, standard deviation of return on assets and Z-SCORE....

Nation branding is an emerging and dynamic concept being practically implemented by numerous countries along the world. It helps the countries develop their unique, strong, and favorable brand image across the globe. Pakistan is a country that strongly needs to establish its desired and favorable brand image....

Over last few decades “Dental Ceramics”, which is the basic material used in dentistry, have undergone lots of modifications, due to which it is real difficult to learn about it in a single book....

This study was done to evaluate the marginal accuracy of three commercially available provisional restorative materials with shoulder and chamfer finish lines in two different mediums. The study was done on Protemp- IV (group I), Revotek- LC (group II) & DPI-PMMA (group III). An aluminium die was made with a metal crown....

A variety of materials have been used for posts ranging from wooden posts of the 18th century to metal posts and more recently, carbon fiber, glass fiber, and ceramic posts....