The mortality of any society is judged by what the society does to its children. The menace of child labor is rampantly growing around the world and the morality of the society is at stake. Child labor is alarmingly present with its various worst forms almost in each of the society around the globe with particular focus in developing countries....

Considering L2 motivation as a vibrant assemblage of sensitive cognitions and affective to stimulate invidual learning, this book focuses on exploring ESL motivation in Pakistani context. Based on data collected through mixed methods, results present a complex picture of L2 motivation where it remains a dynamic and vibrant force....

In the modern era, complex software systems are mostly constructed by integrating off-the-shelf components. The efficient and quality engineering practices demand to consult the technical specification of the components to understand their possible behaviors in the overall system....

Using large amounts of chemical fertilizers to maximize crop yields lead to increased nitrate leaching into groundwater, deteriorating effects on the soil to see....

Nitrogen is one of the most essential nutrient for the growth of plants, while Boron is also highly important micro-nutrient for efficient plant growth. The interaction between the micro nutrients (like Boron) with nitrogen is highly important topic....

The Murthy (1957) estimator has been extensively studied by various authors. The design based variance of the estimator has been studied by the various survey statisticians. The modifications of the Murthy (1957) estimator has been proposed by Shahbaz (2004) alongside the design based study....

The present study investigates the relationship between energy (renewable and nonrenewable) consumption and economic growth using Cobba??Douglas production function in case of Pakistan over the period of 1972a??2011....