Comprehensive reform of Chinaa??s pension and social security system is an essential element of achieving its objectives of a harmonious society and sustainable development. Over the past few years, the Government has considered various options and initiated several significant measures....

Estimating the gross and net replacement rates in 9 countries for steady conditions until 2040 show that they are adequate for most categories of workers, with the exception of those with intermittent or no formal sector employment....

Population aging is expected to affect the performance of financial markets in developed and emerging economies at a time when ever more countries are relying on funded provisions for old age income support....