To study the techniques for open-water evaporation reduction, this study develops an improved 2-D numeric model, based on the Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation. Some of the quantification methods of evaporation rate and the theory of boundary layer condition and the modelling of the water body temperature profile are reviewed....

The use of evolutionary computation techniques has grown considerably over the past several years. Over this time, the use and applications of these techniques have been further enhanced resulting in a set of computational intelligence (also known as modern heuristics) tools that are particularly adept for solving complex optimization problems....

The problem of controlling uncertain dynamic systems, which are subject to external disturbances, uncertainty and sheer complexity is of considerable interest in computer science, Operations Research and Business domains....