The 2nd edition of the textbook is revised and supplemented with new information. Modern considerations concerning the bases of pharmacotherapy of certain diseases are being discussed. Mechanisms of drug action are reviewed according to the latest achievements in fundamental pharmacology.The textbook is designed for medical students.

I. INTRODUCTION
Subject and aims of pharmacology. Its position among
other medical disciplines. Main stages of pharmacology
development
Creation of new drugs
Main sections of pharmacology. Principles of
classification of drugs
II. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
Drug administration routes. Absorption
Drug distribution in the body. Biological barriers.
Storage
Biotransformation of drugs in the body
Routes of drug elimination from the body
Local and systemic effects of the drugs. Direct and
reflex effects. Localization and mechanism of action.
Drug "targets". Reversible and irreversible actions.
Selective action
Dependence of pharmacotherapeutic action on drug
properties and pattern of use
Importance of individual characteristics of the human
body and its state for the manifestation of the drug
effect
Main types of drug treatment
Principal and adverse effect. Allergic reactions.
Idiosyncrasy. Toxic effects
General principles of the treatment of acute drug
poisoning
III. SPECIAL PHARMACOLOGY
A. Drugs affecting afferent innervation
Chapter 1. Drugs decreasing sensitivity of afferent
nerve endings or preventing their excitation
Local anesthetics
Astringents
Coating drugs
Adsorbents
Chapter 2. Drugs stimulating sensory nerve endings
Irritants
B. Drugs affecting efferent innervation
Chapter 3. Drugs affecting cholinergic synapses
Drugs affecting muscarinic and nicotinic cholinoceptors
Anticholinesterase drugs
Drugs affecting muscarinic cholinoceptors
Drugs affecting nicotinic cholinoceptors
Chapter 4. Drugs affecting adrenergic synapses
Drugs stimulating adrenoceptors (adrenomimetics)
Drugs blocking adrenoceptors (adrenoceptor
antagonists)
Drugs of presynaptic action
C. Drugs regulating the functions of the central nervous
system
Chapter 5. General anesthetics
Drugs for inhalation anesthesia
Drugs for noninhalation anesthesia
Combined use of general anesthetics
Combined use of general anesthetics with drugs of
different pharmacological groups
Chapter 6. Ethyl alcohol
Chapter 7. Hypnotics
Benzodiazepine receptor agonists
Melatonin receptor agonists
Hypnotics - non-selective CNS depressants
Chapter 8. Pain-relieving drugs (analgesics)
Opioid (narcotic) analgesics and their antagonists
Non-opioids of central action with analgesic activity
Analgesics with mixed mechanism of action (opioid +
non-opioid)
Chapter 9. Antiepileptic drugs
Chapter 10. Antiparkinsonian drugs
Chapter 11. Psychotropic drugs
Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptic drugs)
Antidepressants
Drugs used in manic states (antimanic drugs mood
stabilizing drugs)
Anxiolytics (tranquilizers)
Sedatives
Psychostimulant drugs
Nootropic drugs (cognitive enhancers)
Chapter 12. Analeptics
D. Drugs regulating functions of major organs and
systems
Chapter 13. Drugs affecting the respiratory system
Respiration stimulants
Antitussive drugs
Expectorants
Drugs used for the treatment of bronchospasm
Drugs used in acute respiratory failure
Chapter 14. Drugs affecting the cardiovascular system
Cardiotonic agents
Drugs used for the treatment of cardiac rhythm
disturbances (antiarrhythmic drugs)
Drugs used for the treatment of ischemic heart disease
Drugs used for the treatment of cerebral blood
circulation disorders
Antihypertensive drugs (hypotensive drugs)
Hypertensive drugs (drugs used for the treatment of
arterial hypotension)
Venotropic (phlebotropic) drugs
Chapter 15. Drugs affecting the digestive system
Drugs that affect appetite
Drugs that affect salivary gland function
Drugs used for the treatment of gastric gland function
disorder
Gastroprotectors
Drugs that affect gastric motility
Emetic and antiemetic drugs
Hepatoprotective drugs
Cholagogue drugs
Drugs that induce gallstone dissolution (cholelithiatic
drugs)
Drugs used for the treatment of pancreatic failure
Drugs that affect intestinal motility
Chapter 16. Diuretics
Diuretics directly affecting the function of the renal
tubular epithelium
Aldosterone antagonists
Osmotic diuretics
Chapter 17. Drugs affecting myometrium
Chapter 18. Drugs affecting hemopoiesis
Drugs affecting erythropoiesis
Drugs affecting leukopoiesis
Chapter 19. Drugs that affect platelet aggregation,
blood coagulation and fibrinolysis
Drugs used for the prevention and treatment of
thrombosis
Drugs that stop bleeding (hemostatics)
E. Drugs that control metabolic processes
Chapter 20. Hormonal drugs
Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones and their drugs
Hormones of the epiphysis and their drugs
Thyroid hormones and antithyroid drugs. Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormones and their drugs
Pancreatic hormones, their drugs and synthetic
antidiabetic drugs
Adrenocorticosteroids, their drugs and antagonists
Sex hormones, their drugs and derivatives, synthetic
substitutes and antagonists
Chapter 21. Vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins
Chapter 22. Antiatherosclerotic drugs (drugs used for
the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia)
Chapter 23. Drugs used for the treatment of obesity
Chapter 24. Drugs used for the treatment and
prevention of osteoporosis
Chapter 25. Drugs used for the treatment of gout
Chapter 26. Anti-inflammatory drugs
Chapter 27. Drugs affecting the immune system
Antiallergic drugs. Immunosuppressants
Immunostimulators (immunomodulators)
F. Antimicrobial and antiparasitic drugs
Chapter 28. Antiseptics and disinfectants
Chapter 29. Antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs
Antibiotics
Sulfonamides
Quinolone derivatives
Synthetic antibacterial agents of various chemical
structures
Drugs for the treatment of syphilis
Antituberculosis drugs
Chapter 30. Antiviral drugs
Chapter 31. Antifungal agents
Chapter 32. Antiprotozoal drugs
Drugs used for the treatment and prophylaxis of
malaria
Drugs used for the treatment of amebiasis
Drugs used for the treatment of giardiasis (lambliasis)
Drugs used for the treatment of trichomoniasis
Drugs used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis
Drugs used for the treatment of balantidiasis
Drugs used for the treatment of leishmaniasis
Drugs used for the treatment of trypanosomiasis
Chapter 33. Antihelminthic drugs
Drugs used for the treatment of intestinal helminthiasis
Drugs used for the treatment of extraintestinal
helminthiasis
Chapter 34. Antineoplastic (antiblastomic) drugs
Alkylating agents and related compounds
Antimetabolites
Antibiotics
Plant derivatives
Hormones and hormone antagonists
Enzymes
Cytokines
Monoclonal antibodies
Protein kinase inhibitors